SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL NON-FARMERS AND THEIR NET INCOME IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines the socioeconomic characteristics of non-farmers in rural communities of Enugu state, Nigeria, in light of the ongoing shift from farm to non-farm activities. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, oral interviews, and key informant information. Descriptive analysis, mean, percentage, maps, and Ordinary Least Square Regression were used for analysis. The findings indicate that males are more involved in non- farm activities compared to females, and self-employment is more prevalent among households than wage employment. Trading emerged as the most common activity to augment household income. The regression analysis reveals that the age of farmers, educational attainment, and the presence of rural development agencies positively influence the income of non-farmers in rural communities. Conversely, the study uncovers a negative relationship between the cost of basic rural infrastructure (such as hospitals and electricity) and non-farmers' income in the area. To enhance the income of non-farmers in rural communities, local councils should educate them on sustainable non-farming practices and provide critical rural infrastructure, such as hospitals and electricity, at affordable rates. -These measures not only have the potential to increase earnings but also make rural communities more attractive to non-farmers and young individuals, thereby stabilizing rural populations. This study emphasizes the need for deliberate policies to promote non-farm activities as a means of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, specifically focusing on the sustainability of rural communities in Enugu state, Nigeria, as non-farm activities complement agricultural income.