JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND ALLIED RESEARCH

FINANCIAL INCLUSION, CORRUPTION, POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

ALUKE ABDULMUMINI BALKISU — 2025-04-14

Financial inclusion, in terms of adoption or usage, is one of the main but challenging priorities in Nigeria. This research work investigates the impact of financial inclusion, corruption and political instability on the economic growth of Nigeria employing the ARDL method of analysis to examine the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth. The findings revealed that financial inclusion and literacy level enhance economic growth in Nigeria whereas political instability dampens growth outcomes. Corruption was found to impede financial inclusion efforts both in the long run and short run, though it is insignificant in the long run but significant in the short run. The study therefore recommends amongst others the promotion of Financial Inclusion through technological innovations Policies, Stabilizing the political environment by ensuring smooth transition of power, combating corruption by strengthening anti-corruption bodies and improving literacy with Financial Education through targeted financial education.

ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE LEVELS OF PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS IN THE SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (SSCE) IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

AUGUSTINA N AWOKE — 2025-04-14

The study assessed the performance levels of private school students in economics in the senior school certificate examination (SSCE) in Ebonyi State, Nigeria from 2016 to 2021 in ex post facto/causal design. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used in selecting the 12 schools that participated in senior secondary school economics examination. Data were collected with the aid of a checklist of students' results from the selected schools. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis while T-test was used for hypotheses testing. Results showed that the performance of students in Economics in private urban secondary schools was better than their performance in private rural secondary schools. Greater percentage (70%) had credit pass in urban schools while 41% had credit pass in private rural schools. Majority (53%) of the male students had credit pass in Economics while 41% of female students obtained credit pass in Economics. Results of hypotheses tested showed that there is a significant difference in the mean performance of students in Economics in private urban and rural secondary schools and a significant difference also existed in the mean performance of male and female students in Economics SSCE in private secondary. It was concluded that students in urban private schools performed better in senior school certificate Economics examination relative to their counterparts in rural areas of Ebonyi State, with the male students scoring more credits than the female students. It is recommended that the students should be actively involved in the learning process for better performance in external examination

HUMAN CAPITAL AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE CASE FOR HEALTH

ABIODUN OWOPETU AYODEJI — 2025-04-14

This paper employs the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique to investigate the nexus between human capital development and inclusive growth across 20 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2021. The results reveal that human capital development indicators positively influence the inclusive growth index in both the short and long run, except for public health expenditure, which shows a significant negative impact. The study finds that economic adjustments toward equilibrium occur within a year, as indicated by the error correction mechanism. Policy recommendations include increasing government spending on health, improving citizen empowerment, reducing corruption, and upholding the rule of law to ensure life expectancy translates into equitable growth.

EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON NIGERIA’S ENERGY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

MOSES GOSELE DANPOME — 2025-04-14

This study investigates the effect of institutional quality in driving energy development in Nigeria from 1992 to 2022, examining its interaction with key economic and environmental factors such as CO₂ emissions per capita, energy imports, electricity access, GDP per capita, inflation, and renewable energy. Employing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study explores both short- and long-term dynamics, highlighting institutional quality’s critical influence on energy sector outcomes. The findings reveal that strong institutional frameworks enhance energy development by supporting infrastructure growth and policy implementation, which are vital for sustainable progress. However, the limited impact of renewable energy underscores the need for increased investment and policy incentives to accelerate its adoption. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening institutional frameworks, enhancing governance structures, and implementing targeted policies to promote effective energy development and sustainability in Nigeria.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: INSIGHTS FROM ENUGU STATE FARMERS AND STAKEHOLDERS

SOMTOCHUKWU VICTOR OKEKE — 2025-04-14

Social media integration into agriculture has become a game-changing strategy for boosting market access, encouraging cooperation, and improving agricultural practices. The adoption and effects of social media among farmers and stakeholders in Enugu State are examined in this study. The study intends to investigate the ways in which social media platforms are used to connect farmers with markets and policy influencers, promote best practices, and spread agricultural knowledge. A total of 500 farmers, agricultural extension agents, and other stakeholders were surveyed in Udi, Nsukka and Awgu. Results show that social media aided productivity increase, decision-making improvement, and reduction in farming costs. The study recommends that the Federal Ministry of Agriculture should enhance social media literacy and accessibility for farmers by utilizing television commercials and radio jingles. The ministry can also organize workshops or digital literacy programmes at local government level for farmers to help them access online resources and learn how to effectively utilize social media to engage with farming practices.

EFFECTS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE ON FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

CHINASA SYLVIA ONYENEKWE — 2025-04-14

This study assessed the effect of urban agriculture on food security and poverty reduction in Enugu State. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 90 households were selected from three local government areas. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index, Ordered logit, and Likert-scale ratings. The study found that most respondents were male (56.8%), aged 31-40, and married, with many having tertiary education, especially in farming households (46.7%). The average household size was seven, and civil service was the main occupation. Non-farming households had slightly higher annual incomes, and food insecurity was a concern for about one-third of respondents. Farming households had higher food insecurity rates, with 13.33% experiencing mild, 26.67% moderate, and 15.56% severe insecurity. Non-farming households had lower rates, with 8.89% mildly, 26.67% moderately, and 6.67% severely insecure. The multidimensional poverty index showed higher poverty levels among farming households. Factors influencing food security and poverty included marital status, household size, occupation, income, and farm size. Key challenges to urban agriculture were limited space, lack of credit access, and climate change. The study calls for targeted interventions to improve food security and reduce poverty, including integrated urban planning, subsidized agricultural inputs, micro-financing, and climate-resilient practices.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF 10-YEAR GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS IN NIGERIA AND SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES

OLATUNJI BASHIR adNAJEEM — 2025-04-14

This study examines the relationship between yields of 10-year government bond in Nigeria with selected countries in Africa. The research employed the use of Pearson correlation method to examine relationship between bond yield in Nigeria and Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, and Uganda, by analysing data set on bond yield from January, 2017 to December, 2021. The study discovered that there is a positive correlation between government bond yield in Nigeria and other African countries. This therefore, limits bond spread between Nigeria and the chosen countries under study. The study also found that there is no sign of spread in government bond yields between Kenyan and Ugandan. However, Moroccan and Namibian bond yields relate negatively with each other, hence there is a danger of bond spread. The study recommends that in addition to adequate funding, low inflation rate, balanced exchange rate and stable interest rate should be ensured by the government so as to bring about increased aggregate bond market that will be attractive to investors

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF SHIPMENT EVALUATION MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF AGRO ALLIED INDUSTRY IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA

BASSEY OKON EYO — 2025-04-14

The agro-allied industry is a crucial sector in the Nigerian economy, particularly in the South South region, which is known for its rich agricultural resources. The industry plays a significant role in contributing to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), providing employment opportunities and ensuring food security. This empirical research study investigated the impact of shipment evaluation management practice on operational performance. While studies have explored shipment evaluation management, few have investigated the relationship between shipment evaluation management, organizational performance on economic growth. This study aims to bridge the gap. By addressing these objectives, this study will contribute to providing insights into the impact of shipment evaluation management on organizational performance in the Agro-allied industry in South-South Nigeria. The study made use of a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews and econometrics analysis. A sample size of 950 was used drawn from a population that consists of 1,494 staff from six (6) agro-allied companies located in the South-South region of Nigeria. Mean and percentages were used to analyzed demographic varaibles. Multi-regression analysis and the chi-square distribution at P < 0.001 level of significance to determine the validity or otherwise of the hypothesis was used for data analysis. The results are reported in tables and represented graphically. The result of the study shows that shipment evaluation management and organizational performance significantly impacts economy growth and ultimately improving economy of South-South Nigeria.

COMBATING UNEMPLOYMENT AND YOUTH CRIMINALITY IN ALA IGBO USING AKURUOULO PRINCIPLE: A FOCUS ON IMO STATE OKOBI

CHUKWUNYERE IWUOHA UDE — 2025-04-14

This research titled “Combating Unemployment and Youth Criminality in Ala Igbo Using Akuruoulo Principle with a Focus on the One Kindred One Business Initiative (OKOBI)” seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the One Kindred One Business Initiative (OKOBI), rooted in the Igbo Akuruoulo principle (of investing at home), in addressing youth unemployment and criminality in Southeast Nigeria’s Ala Igbo region. Using questionnaires to collate data, a survey of 54 Traditional Rulers and Youth Presidents across Imo State’s 27 Local Government Areas assessed OKOBI’s impact. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations: OKOBI reduced unemployment (r = 0.568, p = 0.001) and criminality (r = 0.681, p = 0.001). Respondents agreed (mean scores: 3.2–3.26) that OKOBI engages youths in vocational skills and community enterprises, displacing incentives for crime. The findings highlight the efficacy of culturally embedded models in fostering economic inclusion and social stability. Recommendations include scaling OKOBI through investments in vocational training, infrastructure, and mentorship while integrating the Akuruoulo principle into policy to incentivise communal wealth redistribution. Addressing structural barriers like access to capital and formalising kinship-driven businesses are critical for sustainability. This study underscores the potential of indigenous, community-centric strategies to combat systemic unemployment and crime, offering a replicable framework for similar contexts.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION IN SELECTED SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

IKE GODSLOVE OKEREKE — 2025-04-14

The literature on stock market performance have shown diverse channels through which stockperformance can be enhanced, one of it is adoption of information communication technology.The effect of ICT adoption on the stock market capitalization has been one of the most commonly debated topics among economists and policy makers in African countries and the outcome has been controversial. The study empirically investigated the information communication technology adoption on stock market capitalization in selected sub-Saharan African countries. The ex-pos facto research design was employed in the study. Annual data from 2008 to 2022 for 8 selected countries in SSA sourced from World Bank’s World Development Indicators and Internation Telecommunication Union Database were used for the study. Stationary tests were carried out to determine the stationarity and order of integration of the data values. Fixed Effect Estimation Technique was employed to evaluate the parameters in the model. The results showed that broadband users had

OIL PRICES AND INFLATION IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR RESPONSES TO OIL PRICE CHANGES

OKEZIE A IHUGBA — 2025-04-14

This study examines the nonlinear relationship between oil prices and inflation in Nigeria from 1981 to 2024, using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. It investigates the asymmetric effects of positive and negative oil price shocks on inflation while accounting for factors such as reserves, money supply, GDP growth, and monetary policy rates. The results show that past inflation significantly impacts current inflation, with a 1% increase in past inflation leading to a 0.63% rise in current inflation. Positive oil price shocks initially have short-term negative effects on inflation but create a significant positive relationship in the long run, particularly with lagged periods. Conversely, negative oil price shocks initially raise inflation, but later periods show a deflationary impact. Changes in total reserves significantly reduce inflation, and past money supply growth notably influences inflation dynamics. The Broad Money Supply (LM2) initially reduces inflation but later raises it, with a negative effect at -66.8034 and a positive effect at 40.1919. GDP growth shows no immediate impact on inflation but has a positive effect after three periods. The Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) has a varying effect, with a positive relationship suggesting that higher interest rates initially increase inflation. The error correction term reveals that inflation adjusts quickly to its long-run equilibrium. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted monetary policies, strategic reserve management, and economic diversification to mitigate the impact of oil price fluctuations on inflation

ACTUARIAL MODELING OF MORTALITY IN NIGERIA: PROJECTIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TERM-LIFE ANNUITIES

OLUFEMI OYELADE OLARONKE — 2025-04-14

This study investigates the actuarial modeling of mortality in Nigeria, leveraging data from the World Health Organization's Abridged Life Table for the years 2000 to 2019. Given the critical role mortality projections play in the financial stability of insurance and pension industries, this research explores the Expected Present Value (EPV) of term-life annuities due under varying conditions. Missing data were addressed using linear interpolation, while projections for 2020 to 2024 employed double exponential smoothing. The analysis considers demographic characteristics such as gender and age, focusing on four policyholder age groups (15, 40, 60, and 80 years) across a five-year term. Results reveal declining mortality rates over time, with females consistently exhibiting lower probabilities of death than males. The EPV of annuities shows notable variations based on age, gender, and term duration, underscoring the importance of accurate demographic-specific mortality data for actuarial applications. This research provides actionable insights for the insurance industry and policymakers to address longevity risks and design equitable financial products tailored to Nigeria's demographic realities.

THE SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF ETHNIC IDENTITY AND ELECTORAL VIOLENCE DURING THE 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

PETER SIMON SUNDAY — 2025-04-14

This study examines the socioeconomic and political dynamics of ethnic identity and electoral violence in Lagos State during the 2023 general elections. The elections exposed deep-seated ethnic tensions, voter suppression, and violence, driven by cultural heritage, socioeconomic disparities, and political representation. Grounded in Social Identity Theory, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting survey data from 400 respondents across six Local Government Areas. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses revealed that group solidarity (β = 0.265, p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of electoral violence, particularly in Alimosho (19.8%) and Ojo - Alaba (25%). Ethnic identity significantly influenced voting patterns, reinforcing political polarization and disputes over representation. While community engagement and security interventions were implemented, structural inequalities and ethnic-based mobilization remained key challenges. The study recommends inclusive governance, strengthened inter-ethnic dialogue, and electoral reforms to mitigate ethnic-driven electoral violence in Lagos State.

DISAGGREGATED EFFECTS OF INFANT AND ADULT MORTALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

ESTHER ESARA — 2025-04-14

This study is the empirical investigation of the effects of infant and adult mortality on economic growth. The effects are disaggregated into these age specific mortalities. The objective is to assess the disaggregated effect of mortalities in adults and infants on economic growth in Nigeria. We used Descriptive analysis with Secondary data on the Nigerian economy mostly from 1983 to 2023 and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to embark on the study. The disaggregated estimations (respective estimations) and analysis reveal that mortality in adults has a negative and significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian economy both in the short and long run, but infant mortality has a positively significant effect in the short run and a negative effect in the long run. Therefore, we recommend that government spending on health should be increased efficiently, the economic condition of the populace should be improved by providing more job opportunities to increase labour participation and income and a holistic approach should be taken to reduce adult and infant mortality rate

EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD POVERTY ON WOODFUEL CONSUMPTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM SYSTEM GMM MODEL

HABU SHEHU — 2025-04-14

This study aims to investigate the effect of household poverty on woodfuel consumption in Sub-Saharan African countries by using a panel data set of 43 countries spanning from 2011 to 2019. Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to analyze the data. The finding of the study reveals a strong positive association between household poverty and woodfuel consumption, with a 1% increase in household poverty increasing woodfuel consumption by 65.1%. The study further reveals that clean fuel and technology, dependency ratio, and female labor participation were significant determinants of woodfuel consumption in Sub-Saharan African countries. These findings have significant implications for the health and economic well-being of the region's population. Sub-Saharan African governments, non-governmental organizations, donor agencies, and foundations are urged to make clean cooking energy, such as electricity, gas, and solar, more readily available and affordable to households, easing the transition from wood fuel to cleaner fuels.

MODERATING ROLE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON PROJECT FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND PROJECT DELIVERY DELAY IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

MOHAMMED ADAMU IBRAHIM — 2025-04-14

The devastating impact of construction project delivery delays is felt worldwide, with estimated losses running into trillions of dollars annually. As the global demand for infrastructure and construction projects continues to rise, understanding the factors that influence project outcomes is crucial. As such, this study investigated the moderating role of external factors on the relationship between project financing requirements and project delivery delay in the Nigerian construction industry. A survey research design was employed, which collected primary data from 423 construction project stakeholders in Kaduna State and analyzed it using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings of the study revealed that the external factors and project financing requirements exacerbate construction project delivery delays. Furthermore, the study’s external factors were found to moderate the relationship between project financing requirements and project delivery delay by increasing investor or financier’s confidence through reduced volatilities and risk resulting from adequate project planning, illegal development control, proactive risk management and stable regulatory environment. The research recommends that project stakeholders need to reduce or eliminate volatilities and risk caused by the study’s external factors to get favourable financing requirements and expedited project delivery. Policy implications suggested that to foster resilient project delivery with minimal delays, the Nigerian government through the relevant ministries, departments and agencies, should establish a policy framework that takes care of external factors and balances project financing requirements, including affordable collateral and borrowing costs, while encouraging project owners and financial institutions to properly plan projects and adopt proactive risk management strategies that mitigate the impact of the external factors. The study concludes with recommendations for further research on innovative financing models like green bonds or pension funds, and exploring the effectiveness of digital technologies such as building information modelling and blockchain technology in enhancing project planning, financing and delivery.

TECH HUBS AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION: THE CASE OF YABA AS A TECHNOLOGY HUB

FARINMADE ADEMOLA — 2025-04-14

This paper investigates the relationship between the emergence of Yaba as a prominent technology hub and the patterns of urban transformation it has engendered in Lagos, Nigeria. By employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative research, the study examines the analysis of spatial dynamics, and identifies the mechanisms driving urban change in Yaba. The findings reveal significant demographic shifts, changes in land use, and evolving community identities as a result of technological growth. Furthermore, the research highlights the implications of these transformations for urban planning and community development, emphasizing the need for inclusive strategies that address issues such as displacement and housing affordability. This study contributes to the existing literature on urban transformation in the Global South and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to foster sustainable urban growth in technology-driven environments.

GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS

ESTHER NGOZI ABANEME — 2025-04-14

The study empirically examined the effect of government health expenditure on inclusive growth and the role of institution in Nigeria from 1990-2023. The data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin (2023) and World Development Indicators database. Unit root test was conducted using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron Statistics. Result from these tests indicated that the variables were integrated in order I (0) and I (1). Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) was employed. The result indicated that government health expenditure had positive significant effect on inclusive growth in the long run. The interaction of government health expenditure and institutional quality had positive insignificant effect on inclusive growth both in the short and long run. The study therefore concluded that institutions in Nigeria limit government effort in achieving inclusive growth. Based on the findings, we recommend that there should be total reform of Nigerian institutions by the government.

TECHNOLOGY USAGE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN NIGERIA’S DEREGULATED PETROLEUM DOWNSTREAM SECTOR

SUNDAY ONYEKOZURU ANYAOGU — 2025-04-14

The study focused on the role of technology usage in fostering competitive advantage in Nigeria’s deregulated petroleum sector. For technology usage, the study focused on solar powered solutions, digital payment systems, and truck-tracking solutions. The study also focused on 3 petroleum organizations operating in the downstream sector. The study was underpinned by the resource-based view theory with a primary emphasis on competitive advantage. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 200 participants from the selected organizations. Questionnaire was the only source of data collection instrument. The data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS (Version 24). Regression analysis was adopted to determine the relationships. The findings showed that solar-powered solutions, digital payment systems, and truck-tracking solutions all have a significant impact on competitive advantage in Nigeria’s deregulated petroleum downstream sector. The study recommends the integration of solar-powered solutions, the expansion of digital payment systems, and the incentivization of partnerships for advanced technology adoption in Nigeria’s deregulated petroleum downstream sector. The government should further create an innovation fund and regulations to support truck tracking and real-time inventory management, enhancing efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness

SERVICOM AND PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN ENUGU STATE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

FELIX EMEKA UKWU — 2025-04-14

Efficient public service delivery remains a critical challenge for governments, necessitating proactive institutional frameworks to stimulate workforce performance. This study examines the effect of the Service Compact (SERVICOM) on service delivery within Enugu State’s public sector, with a focus on ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs). Goal\s Theory provides the theoretical framework, while the study adopts a mixed-methods approach; integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative content analysis to examine SERVICOM’s influence on public service delivery in Enugu State. Findings reveal that while SERVICOM principles improve efficiency, key challenges such as poor remuneration, corruption, and political interference hinder full implementation. Multiple regression analysis confirms that SERVICOM significantly influences service delivery (p = 0.000). The paper recommends enhanced workers welfare, anti-corruption measures, and strict accountability enforcement to optimize SERVICOM’s effectiveness on the public service. The study underscores the need for strategic interventions to address these barriers and sustain the impact of SERVICOM initiatives.

DOES TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS COMPLEMENT THE IMPACT OF CARBON EMISSIONS ON POVERTY RATE? EVIDENCE FROM VECM APPROACH

QUADRI BALOGUN AFOLABI — 2025-04-14

This study examines the relationship between carbon emissions, technological advancement, and poverty reduction in Nigeria. Using a combination of Johansen cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) techniques and 1990-2023 annual data, the study analyzes both long-run and short-run relationships among key economic and environmental variables. The findings reveal that while technological advancement significantly reduces poverty, increased carbon emissions, infrastructure expansion-measured through access to electricity-, and economic growth exacerbate poverty levels. These results underscore the importance of integrating technological innovation with environmentally sustainable policies to achieve meaningful poverty alleviation. The study recommends targeted policy interventions to enhance digital access, improve renewable energy adoption, and mitigate the adverse effects of carbon emissions on vulnerable populations. Further research should explore regional disparities and household-level impacts of technology and environmental factors on poverty

AN OBJECTIVE APPRAISAL OF EDGEWORTH SERIES DISTRIBUTION AND NORMAL DISTRIBUTION FOR THREE POPULATIONS

A JANEFRANCES NWANKWO-OBI — 2025-04-14

The study evaluates the optimum probabilities of misclassification using the Edgeworth Series Distribution (ESD) and compares the misclassification errors of ESD with the Normal Distribution (ND) for three populations using simulated data. It equally examined the adequacy of distribution performance between ESD and ND techniques and evaluates the performance of LDA and QDA in classifying ESD averaged over various sample sizes for three distinct populations. The optimal probabilities of misclassification for the Edgeworth Series Distribution (ESD) were computed with specific parameters (  with 4   ,  1  0 ,  2  1 ,  3  1 and   1 being the skewness factor) within defined intervals (0.00625, 0.4 being in 14 intervals). The study also examined the apparent probabilities of misclassification for ESD and ND when means ( 1 2 and  3 ) are known or estimated from samples.. The findings of the study also revealed that QDA tends to have higher accuracy and AUC-ROC values than LDA across all the skewed levels. The study concluded that QDA outperformed LDA in terms of accuracy and error rates, demonstrating superior discriminatory power. This study provides valuable insights for those working with datasets involving multiple populations and variables, with potential applications in various fields such as multivariate methods, data science, machine learning, business, healthcare, and finance. The research contributes to the advancement of robust classification methods and provides programming code for evaluation, enhancing the methodological toolkit in the field. It establishes a foundation for future research endeavours and presents a comprehensive framework for comparing LDA and QDA performance in ESD data, highlighting the effectiveness of QDA in handling skewed data for multiple populations. The research recommended further exploration into developing a generalized model for estimating probabilities of misclassification via ESD with flexible distribution assumptions and robust estimation methods

PERCEIVED IMPACT OF ONLINE RESOURCES ON THE ECONOMIC LITERACY LEVEL OF ECONOMICS STUDENTS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA

IKECHUKWU GIVESON OKAFOR — 2025-04-14

This paper investigated perceived impact of online resources on the economic literacy level of Economics students in Federal Universities in South East Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire which was developed based on the three (3) research questions. The respondents to the instrument were a selected sample of one hundred and fifty-two students. The method of data analysis was mean and standard deviation while t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that online resources encourage learning of current economic matters outside the classroom. Also, E-resources like blogs keep students updated on latest news about the country’s economy, and economic conditions of other nations with which they can make valid generalizations. This study has significant implications for policy, highlighting the crucial role of online resources in enhancing economic literacy among Economics students in federal universities. The findings highlight the importance of investing in digital infrastructure, including internet facilities, to support online learning. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for digital literacy programs that teach students how to effectively navigate online resources and develop critical thinking skills

ENHANCING RURAL ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE THROUGH RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: A CASE STUDY OF ELECTRICITY COOPERATIVES IN LAGOS STATE

GBADEBO WALID ADEBOSIN — 2025-04-14

Electrification plays a crucial role in modern life and is central to sustainable development, particularly in rural areas of developing countries. Despite international and national commitments to achieving universal electricity access, progress has been slow, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where few of rural populations have access to electricity. This study focuses on rural electrification in Lagos State, Nigeria, assessing the role of electric cooperatives in accelerating economic performance. Through a cross-sectional quantitative survey of rural households in two towns in Lagos State, the study investigates how rural electrification influences job and business creation, while addressing challenges such as infrastructure limitations and financial constraints. The findings indicate that while access to electricity has a marginal effect on job creation, government support emerges as a significant factor, positively impacting job opportunities. The study concludes that targeted government interventions, alongside addressing infrastructure bottlenecks, are critical for fostering sustainable job creation and economic development in rural electrification efforts

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NUTRITION SENSITIVE AGRICULTURE AMONG FEMALE COOPERATIVE FARMERS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

OGOCHUKWU GABRIELLA ONAH — 2025-04-14

This study investigates the role of women empowerment in the implementation of nutrition sensitive agriculture among female cooperative farmers in Enugu state. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 300 female cooperative famers were selected from the 4000 females registered in cooperatives in Enugu state. Data was analyzed using Abbreviated Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI), Likert-scale ratings and poison regression. The mean empowerment scores reveal that female farmers in Enugu State are most empowered in income-related decisions (0.66) and leadership (0.59), while they experience the lowest levelsof empowerment in agricultural production (0.15) and time allocation (0.33).The perceived factors influencing level of women empowerment included marital status, gender-based violence and discrimination, lack of participation in community associations, limited access to basic infrastructure, lack of access to healthcare facilities, lack of skills and training and lack of awareness on respondents’rights.The variables which were statistically significant to production diversity of the respondents were; food knowledge (P<0.10), off farm income (P<0.05), primary occupation (P<0.05) and years of farming experience (P<0.05).The study calls for development and implementation of gender-inclusive policies and programs that will improve the socio-economic lifestyle of female farmers to have the potential to be effective for improving nutrition security. These policies and programs should have primary goal such as income generation or provision of social amenities like improved water facilities, access to needed farm inputs and incentives

CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD PRODUCTION: INVESTIGATING AGRICULTURE-INDUCED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN NIGERIA

EMMANUEL UMALE ABBAH — 2025-04-14

This research investigated the effect of agriculture-induced greenhouse gas emissions on food production in Nigeria from 1981 to 2022. The Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology is employed. Findings revealed that agriculture-induced greenhouse gas emission negatively affected food production during the period of the study, however, its effect is found to be insignificant. The rise in the magnitude of agriculture-induced greenhouse gas emission from 7% to 20% in the short-term and long-term respectively is an indication that agriculture induced greenhouse gas emission portends great danger towards the achievement of adequate food production in Nigeria. The result of the findings also implies that the status of the agricultural sector as the highest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions in Nigeria does not necessarily transmit to making its negative impact on food production significant. Thus, this research recommends the training of farmers through workshops and agricultural extension services to practice climate-smart agriculture to ensure that greenhouse gas emission from agriculture is minimized and to reverse this negative trend possibly. The elimination of bush burning and deforestation, the use of organic manure as against synthetic fertilizers, the practice of irrigation farming, and modern livestock practices (ranching) should be encouraged among farmers by the government both at the Federal, State, and Local government levels through the various established agricultural ministries and agencies in the country.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

MUSA IBRAHIM — 2025-04-14

The study examines the impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria from 1989 to 2023. The Zivot-Andrew unit root test indicates that real gross domestic product, interest rate and secondary school enrolment are stationary at first difference while growth capital formation, labour force and tertiary school enrolment are stationary at level. ARDL model shows that that growth capital formation has a positive and statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. The labour force shows a positive and statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Secondary school enrolment shows positive and statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Tertiary school enrolment indicates positive and statistically significant effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study recommended Nigeria should invest more in human capital development process and endeavours prioritize the education sectors budgeting considering its growth driving potentials in Nigeria. Similarly

INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION AND GOVERNMENT POLICY INCENTIVES ON SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN BORDER COMMUNITIES OF ADAMAWA STATE AND CAMEROON

IBRAHIM MUSA — 2025-04-14

This study sought to examine how entrepreneurial innovations and government policy incentives influences small business performance in border communities of Nigeria and Cameroon. Emphasis is placed on Adamawa State border with Cameroon. Past studies have demonstrated that Mubi, Sahuda, Kwaja and Belel borders of Adamawa State with northern Cameroon are prominent gate ways for the flow of livestock, cowpea, sesame, grains and manufactured goods to all parts of Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. However, businesses operating along the corridors remained largely small and have been experiencing certain challenges including border closure, infrastructure, entrepreneurial innovations and limited government policy incentives, among others. It is therefore imperative to examine factors that conditioned the businesses in border communities to remain informal and small. A Survey design was used for the study. The study used stratified probability sampling method to draw 428 samples from 1840 owner/managers of small businesses in border communities of Adamawa State and Cameroon. The result of PLS-SEM shows that limited government policy Incentives (with P- Values of 0.000) and entrepreneurial Innovation (with P- Values of 0.020) have significant Positive relationship with border small business Performance in border communities of Adamawa State and Cameroon. The study recommends government policy intervention to support small businesses through provision of infrastructures (such as roads and electric power supply) and capacity building training on small business among small business operators by regional agencies of the Nigeria and Cameroon (such as SMEDAN and world bank).

ANALYSIS OF CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS AND SELECTED AGRICULTURAL EXPORT COMMODITIES IN NIGERIA

MICHEAL O NKONGNKANG — 2025-04-14

The theory of comparative advantage of David Richardo has made it clear that no economy can exist in isolation hence the need to optimize gain from international trade wherein economies of the world could build international trade competitiveness based on area of advantage. The impact of currency fluctuations on selected agricultural export commodities is an effort to unravel the currency fluctuation dynamics of international trade on export commodities. Data for five major agricultural export commodities was sourced from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) and World Bank Development Indicator database. The result indicates that a unit appreciation of the currency produced a 0.002 unit decline in cocoa-bean export in Nigeria in the short run. Currency fluctuation however had no significant effect on rubber export either in the long or short term. The outcome of the study also shows that a unit rise in the value of the local currency resulted in a 0.03 unit rise in the volume of palm-oil export, while it also increased groundnut export by 0.002 in the short term. Finally, a unit fall in the value of the local currency triggered a 0.049 unit fall in cotton seed export in Nigeria. Generally, the study found that currency fluctuations have a small quantitative impact on the selected agricultural export commodities in Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian government should adopt a more rigorous export promotion strategy with direct bearing on improving the competitiveness of exportable especially as the economy tries to break away from oil export dominance

THE EFFECT OF DEBT BURDEN ON INVESTMENT IN NIGERIA

KIAPENE M ZIDIEGHA — 2025-04-14

This study investigates the effects of Nigeria’s debt burden on investment from 1981 to 2022, utilizing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to analyze the short- and long-run relationships between external debt, domestic debt, debt servicing, and investment. The findings reveal that domestic debt significantly boosts private investment and foreign direct investment (FDI), suggesting that domestic borrowing serves as a viable financing mechanism for investment expansion. Conversely, external debt negatively affects private investment, corroborating the crowding-out hypothesis (Majumder, 2007), while debt service does not exhibit a statistically significant impact on investment decisions. Public investment inefficiencies further underscore the need for sound fiscal management. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing domestic debt to support private-sector growth and attract FDI while ensuring external borrowing is effectively allocated to high-return projects. Policy recommendations include enhancing debt transparency, prioritizing concessional external loans, and strengthening institutional frameworks for debt management. Additionally, fostering macroeconomic stability, improving governance, and aligning public investment with private sector needs will be critical to mitigating the adverse effects of external debt. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on Nigeria’s debt-investment nexus and offering policy insights to balance debt accumulation with sustainable economic growth. Future research should explore sector-specific debt effects, governance influences, and cross-country comparisons within Sub-Saharan Africa to deepen understanding of debt dynamics and investment behavior.

EFFECT OF WOODFUEL CONSUMPTION ON UNDER FIVE AND INFANT MORTALITY IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: SYSTEM GMM APPROACH

YAHAYA YAKUBU — 2025-04-14

This study aims to investigate the effect of woodfuel consumption on under-five and infant mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries by using a panel data set of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries spanning from 2011 to 2019. System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used in analyzing the data. The estimated GMM result revealed that woodfuel consumption is positively associated with both under-five and infant mortality. This implies that a 1% increase in woodfuel consumption increases under-five and infant mortality by .0000579% and .0000304%, respectively. The study further reveals that per capita income, government health expenditure, and food availability were significant determinants of under-five and infant mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries. The findings of this study revealed concern for population health and the future of the labor force in the region. The study recommends that Sub-Saharan African governments, non-governmental organizations, donor agencies, and foundations make clean cooking energy, such as electricity, gas, and solar, available and affordable to households; this would facilitate the transition from wood fuel to cleaner fuel.

MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINANTS OF ENERGY POVERTY AMONG UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC STAFF IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

MUNNA OSIMADEJI SHEIDU — 2025-04-14

One of the fundamental problems facing emerging nations, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is access to sustainable, dependable, and cheap energy services. Despite the abundance of natural resources in Nigeria, inadequate energy access plays out for university lecturers and other country residents. Therefore, using a Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index assessment, this study explores the intensity of energy poverty and its underlying factors among academic staff members at universities across Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 354 university lecturers across federal, state, and private universities throughout Kwara State through a cross sectional survey approach. The assessment of factors influencing energy poverty among university lecturers relies on descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS), and Tobit regression as the evaluation methods. The study found that most lecturers across the study have demonstrated multidimensional energy poverty status because they lack access to reliable electricity, contemporary cooking fuels, and efficient lighting solutions. The study also reveals that income, house ownership, age, and gender status determine energy poverty among University lecturers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends targeted economic interventions by the government, policymakers and university administrators, as a strategic solution instead of applying broad demographic-based methods.

TESTING FOR LONG-RUN ELASTICITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE: EVIDENCE FROM CLIMATE CHANGE FOR SOUTH AFRICA

AUWAL UMAR — 2025-04-14

This study uses Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) developed by Stock and Watson (1993), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) developed by Phillips and Hansen (1990), and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) developed by Park (1992) methods to provide insights into the responsiveness of climate change to changes in energy consumption, urbanization, and economic growth over a significant period. The DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR methods serve as supplementary robustness checks to the existence of a long-term relationship ascertained among the stated variables under study (Auwal, 2024). The study detects a structural change in the long run in the effect on the South African economy from 1971 to 2022, using the least squares method and Bai & Perron's (2003) tests, which necessitates the use of a dichotomous variable to represent the categorical data periods of investigation. The findings from the DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR models revealed are three-fold. On energy consumption, climate change significantly and positively responds to changes in coal and oil consumption by 0.85% to 1.1% and 0.25% to 0.27%, respectively. While the degree of responsiveness of climate change to gas consumption is significantly negative between 0.04% and 0.15%, the climate change response to changes in urbanization and economic growth was insignificant. The study concludes that while urbanization can create localized climate changes, it is not considered to be a significant direct contributor to climate change in South Africa on a large scale. Similarly, its economic activity alone doesn’t significantly influence the progression of climate change in South Africa.

IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY SERVICES ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

KAZEEM LEKAN OLUSEGUN — 2025-04-14

This study empirically investigates the impact of electricity on unemployment in Nigeria for the period of 1970-2020 using time series data obtained from statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2021) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2021). Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed to test the short-run and long-run impacts. The study found evidence of a negative and statistically significant impact of electricity (megawatt per hour of electricity generation and consumption) on unemployment rate both in the short-run and long-run. However, there exists non-significant impact of electricity transmission losses on unemployment rate. On the basis of these empirical findings, the study recommends an urgentneed for the electricity distribution companies to step-up electricity supply to Nigerian firms in order to accelerate the growth of enterprises, enhance jobs creation and reduces unemployment. Increasing electricity access to business firms should involve upgrading and expansion of the national grid particularly the electricity generation capacity and distribution network. The transmission company of Nigeria should ensure that transmission lines are rehabilitated in order to reduce power and technical faults in existing transmission and distribution infrastructure so as to increase generation capacity. When these are achieved, path to industrialization and economic growth to curtail unemployment are guaranteed.

MORTGAGE FINANCE, MACROECONOMIC FACTORS AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

SHERIFF AKANJI IBRAHIM — 2025-04-14

Despite the critical role of housing as a component of economic growth and social stability, literatures has shown that housing development in Nigeria can be constrained by lack of long term financing, as well as macroeconomic factors. This study examines the intricate relationships between mortgage finance, housing development and the interactive effect of macroeconomic factors in Nigeria. This research employs data on housing delivery, mortgage finance and macroeconomic factors, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) annual audited report between 2005 to 2022. The research adopt an expos factor and experimental descriptive design. Pre-estimation test such as unit root test and Bound test were employed to test for stationarity and cointegration. Empirical analysis was conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Findings from this study revealed that mortgage loan interaction variable have a very weak positive effect on housing delivery in the long run, with a coefficient of 0.005230 (p-value; 0.0005), mortgage equity’s negative effect was also reduced in the long run, with a coefficient of -0.001611 (p-value; 0.0268). Mortgage interest rate was also found to have a reduced negative effect on housing delivery in the long run, with a coefficient of -0.005316 (p value; 0.0003). The research concludes that macroeconomic factors’ interaction with mortgage finance negatively affects changes in housing delivery. Consequently, the research recommends that policymakers implement holistic measures to stabilize the economy, while incentivizing mortgage lending to guarantees access to adequate and affordable housing for Nigeria’s growing population

IMPACT OF CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMME ON HOUSEHOLDS’ ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

MATHEW AYUBA AYAKA — 2025-04-14

The paper examined the impact of conditional cash transfer programme on households’ economic empowerment in Nasarawa State. It is qualitative study that used primary data, collected through interviews and focus group discussion (FGD). 140 beneficiaries participated in the FGD, while interviews were conducted with 6 stakeholders. The study adopted content and narrative analysis for the data analysis. Results of the analysis show that CCT has brought about full employment to beneficiaries households because of the new businesses identified. It has also led to increases in labour force participation rates among beneficiary households and communities at large. CCT has increased access of beneficiaries to financial services, including savings, credit and insurance as well as increase their financial literacy. Beneficiaries have the opportunity to own assets, such as land, housing, livestock and other productive due to the CCT intervention. Similarly, beneficiaries built skills along the supply chains with value-added activities, which also enhance their access to markets. The study concluded that CCT programme has demonstrated capacity to change the narratives of women in the communities by improving their income and give them wealth. The paper based on the findings recommended that more funds be made available to scale-up the programme in the state, and there is need for institutionalization of CCT programme in Nasarawa State through legislation by devoting a percentage of its revenue into the programme for effective service delivery

EFFECT OF EDUCATION AND MEMBERSHIP OF FARMER-BASED ORGANISATIONS ON COMMERCIALIZATION OF PADDY RICE: A GUIDE FOR PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN NIGERIA

ADEBANJO OTITOJU MORADEYO — 2025-04-14

Rice commercialization is the deliberate action on the part of rice farmers to use factors of production in a way that a greater volume of rice produced is exchanged for sale. This study examined the effect of education and membership of farmer-based organizations (FBOs) on rice commercialization in Gwagwalada Area Council, Federal Capital Territory. Cross sectional data collected from 140 rice farmers were used for this study. The data were collected from 140 rice farmers through multistage sampling technique. The data were analysed using commercialization index and Beta model. The result of the commercialisation index indicates that majority of the farmers highly commercialised rice. The result of the Beta model analysis shows that age of the farmers, education level of the rice farmers, farm size, literacy ratio, household size and membership of farmer-based organisations were important variables that were significant with policy implications. On the results of the constraints militating against rice commercialization in the study area, lack of/ adequate credit for rice production, high cost of fertilizer, and lack of or inadequate proper storage facilities were identified as very serious constraints in the study area. The study recommends that younger farmers should be encouraged to cultivate and commercialize rice and, Governments should take seriously the literacy programmes to address agricultural commercialization literacy, and make education programmes that is geared towards agribusiness development to be much more marketing oriented rather than the general secular education. Governments and development partners should encourage formation and establishment of farm-based organizations to enhance agricultural commercialisation in Nigeria. Credit facilities more accessible to rice farmers, and there is also need to train rice farmers more in rice commercialization.

THE IMPACT OF INVESTORS’ SENTIMENT AND MONEY SUPPLY ON STOCK RETURNNS IN NIGERIA

MUHAMMAD KABIR LAWAL — 2025-04-14

The objective of this study is to empirically establish the relationship between investors’ sentiment and money supply on stock return in Nigeria. The study is correlational in nature and used panel regression model to test the hypotheses. Using 10 listed firms as the sample size from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2021 out of the 156 firms listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. The study found the presence of a positive and insignificant link between investor sentiment and stock return, also showed the presence of a positive and significant relationship between money supply and stock return. Consequently, the study recommended that, there is need for the policy makers and regulators of the Nigerian capital market to consider sentiment amongst investor as an indicator for price movement in the stock market; and adequate quantitative data on sentiments should be made available to guiding both existing and potential investors on their behavioral approaches towards the market. The central bank of Nigeria should maintain a steady and realistic liquidity injected into the economy at a level that will boost investment in stocks.

EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION BASED ON OUTGROWER SUPPORT MODEL AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN JIGAWA AND KANO STATE, NIGERIA

MOJISOLA DEBORAH ADEKEYE — 2025-04-14

This study examines the significant difference in the efficiency of wheat production among various out-growers support models in Kano and Jigawa States, Nigeria. Using primary data from 473 respondents, the study employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to measure technical efficiency and ANOVA to assess significant differences among the support models. The findings reveal that 81.61% of farmers participate in out-grower schemes, with the Market Input Credit-Technical Assistance (MITa) model achieving the highest efficiency (65.84%). While guarantee market access improves efficiency, land provision without complementary support is inadequate. The study concludes that a holistic support framework, integrating market access, input provision, and technical assistance, is essential for optimizing wheat production efficiency. The study recommends MITA Model for enhanced access to financial resources, technical training, extension services and guaranteed market to strengthen smallholder farmers' capacity and efficiency of food production

WHEN OIL BECOMES POISON: THE HIDDEN HEALTH CRISIS IN NIGERIA’S OIL-PRODUCING REGIONS

IYOBHEBHE ITOHAN — 2025-04-14

Reports show that individuals in oil-producing regions in Nigeria consistently face significant risks of sickness, compounded by challenges in accessing sufficient food and medical care. This study implemented a quantitative research method using descriptive statistics to analyze trends and patterns to evaluate health hazards associated with oil spills. Pearson correlation was utilized to determine the strength of the relationship between the variables. Non probability (purposive) sampling was utilized to choose the study locations, specifically three oil-producing areas in Nigeria: Bayelsa, Rivers, and Delta states. Simple random sampling was utilized to obtain data from participants through closed-ended questionnaires, employing convenience sampling to allow participants to respond at their own pace and voluntarily. We evaluated all survey data using SPSS software. Upon data analysis, the results from the descriptive analysis combined with Pearson correlation show that oil spills create major health problems through respiratory illnesses and water contamination and create shortages of food. The result also showed that during these disasters, medical response measures were limited. It implies that rising events of oil spills lead to more severe environmental disasters of water contamination, which proves to be a significant factor that increases the occurrence of cholera and typhoid while destroying agricultural lands, resulting in food scarcity. Therefore, the study recommended that the Nigerian government enact strict environmental laws with strong accountability systems for corporations in the oil business and individuals within these regions

EFFECT OF WATER SECURITY STATUS ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ LIVELIHOOD SECURITY IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

AYINLA ABDULRAHEEM MUBARAK — 2025-04-14

This study assessed the effect of water security status on rural households’ livelihood security in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 384 household heads were randomly selected from 24 villages in the study area. Binomial Logistic Regression, Water Security Index, and Household Livelihood Security Index were the tools used for the data analysis. The result revealed that 54.8% of the rural households were water secure, while 45.2% of them were water insecure. The result further showed that 59.3% of the rural households had low livelihood status, while the remaining 40.68% had high livelihood status. Binomial logistic regression revealed that were water security index, farming as primary occupation, amount of credit accessed and extension visits. The study concluded that water security had a positive effect on the livelihood security of rural households. It is therefore recommended that Kwara State government should increase efforts by providing appropriate funding to relevant agencies toward provision of potable water sources across the rural areas. Government through relevant agencies should sensitize rural households on the need to form cooperative societies in their community so that they can save, and also have access to credit for the expansion of business and thereby improve their livelihood.

EDUCATION, POVERTY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN ANGLOPHONE WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

I SALAMI OLAKUNLE — 2025-04-14

Nations cannot achieve sustainable development without investing in education, as education is a multidimensional process that enhances economic growth and reduces poverty by increasing productivity. Poverty has strong linkages with education and economic development. This study utilizes panel data from five (5) Anglophone West African countries – The Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone – covering the period from 1990 to 2023. The results of the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation confirm that poverty and exchange rate fluctuations have a negative and significant impact on economic growth. Meanwhile, government expenditure on education has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while the consumer price index positively influences growth but is statistically insignificant. Based on these findings, the study recommends the adoption of poverty reduction and education-enhancing strategies to accelerate economic growth in these countries. Additionally, policies promoting pro-poor growth and increased investment in education should be prioritized to foster sustainable development in Anglophone West Africa